Carbon equivalent and preheat. A free calculator, EN 1011-2.
Enter the chemical composition from the material certificate: see CE, CET and Pcm, and the minimum preheat temperature by EN 1011-2, method B.
- CE (IIW)
- — %
- CET
- — %
- Pcm
- — %
- CET used in the calculation
- — %
For a single-pass fillet weld the butt-weld value can be about 60 °C too high (EN 1011-2, C.3.1).
An indicative result. The qualified WPS and the standard that applies to your job govern.
In Worgify the 3.1 certificate of each heat is tied to the parts and joints the material ends up in, and the WPS with its qualified preheat is linked to the joint.Material traceabilityBook a demo
How to read the numbers.
A carbon equivalent sums up in one number how much a steel hardens when welded, and so how much it risks hydrogen cold cracking. The higher it is, the more care it needs.
The IIW CE is the classic formula, suited to carbon and carbon-manganese steels. CET is the one of EN 1011-2, method B, made for modern fine-grained and low-alloy steels. Pcm (Ito-Bessyo) is used mostly for low-carbon pipeline steels, below about 0.11 % carbon.
Method B preheat combines four things: CET, plate thickness, the hydrogen of the filler metal and the heat input. More thickness and more hydrogen call for more preheat; more heat input calls for less.
Method B covers steels of groups 1 to 4 of CR ISO 15608, with yield strength up to 1,000 N/mm², and within the ranges flagged on the page. Outside them the number has no basis: the calculator tells you.
See also
Sources
- EN 1011-2:2001 + A1:2003, Annex C, method B: equations C.2 and C.8 and their range of validity
- TWI — The various carbon equivalent formulae and hydrogen cracking
- Weld Australia — Carbon equivalent calculator
- Equivalent carbon content (IIW CE, Pcm)
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